ANCA mean Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Test


Introduction

The ANCA test, or Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody test, is a critical diagnostic tool in the field of rheumatology and immunology. It plays a pivotal role in identifying various autoimmune diseases, particularly a group of conditions known as ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV).



ANCAs attack healthy white blood cells called neutrophils. This can lead to a disorder called autoimmune vasculitis. There are several types of autoimmune vasculitis, but they all cause inflammation and swelling in your blood vessels. When this happens, your blood vessels can narrow or close off. This can cause different types of serious health problems depending on which blood vessels in your body are affected.

There are two main kinds of ANCA called pANCA and cANCA. 

Testing for pANCA can also help diagnose certain types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a group of chronic (long-lasting) autoimmune diseases that cause swelling and irritation in your stomach and intestines.

ANCA testing is used to help:

·         Find out if you have autoimmune vasculitis and which type.

·         Monitor treatment for autoimmune vasculitis.

·         Diagnose whether you have ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Both conditions are types of inflammatory bowel disease. ANCAs are more commonly found in ulcerative colitis.

Types of autoimmune vasculitis include:


·        Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (once called Wegener granulomatosis). This condition used to be called Wegener's disease. It most often affects blood vessels in the lungs and/or sinuses. It may also affect the nose, windpipe, or kidneys.


·        Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). This disorder can affect several parts of the body, including the lungs, kidneys, nerves, skin, and joints.


·        Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (once called Churg-Strauss syndrome). This condition used to be called Churg Strauss syndrome. It usually affects blood vessels in the lungs and/or sinuses. It may also affect the stomach and intestines, skin, heart, and nervous system. It often causes asthma and a high level of white blood cells called eosinophils.

There are two main types of ANCA, and testing can determine whether you have one or both:

  • cANCA: Targets a protein called proteinase 3 (PR3).
  • pANCA: Targets a protein called myeloperoxidase (MPO).

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Website: https://drbhattlab.co.in

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